The Effects of Orthodontic Tooth Movement on Clinical Attachment Level Changes in Treated Periodontitis Adult Patients with Malocclusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effects of orthodontic tooth movement on clinical attachment level (CAL) changes in treated periodontitis in adult patients with malocclusion. Material and Methods: Present study is based on PRISMA guidelines; all articles published in international databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Embase between 2012 to May 2022 are included. 95% confidence interval (CI) for mean difference with fixed effect modal and inverse-variance were calculated. Data analysis was performed using STATA.V16 software. Results: In the initial review, duplicate studies were eliminated, abstracts of 175 studies were reviewed, two authors reviewed the full text of 21 studies, and finally, eleven studies were selected. The mean of CAL gain was 2.29 mm (MD, 95% CI -2.47 mm, -2.12 mm; p=0.00) (I2=91.81%; p=0.00; high heterogeneity). The mean difference of PPD changes was -1.93 mm (MD, 95% CI -2.07 mm, -1.80 mm; p=0.00) (I2=98.52%; p=0.00; high heterogeneity). Conclusion: Due to the limitations of the study and based on the meta-analysis, it is observed that orthodontic treatment is performed with higher success after reconstructive surgery with periodontal improvement.

Evaluation of the potential for transmission of coronavirus disease via saliva: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim: One of the main factors that play a pivotal role in the transmission of COVID-19 from human to human is saliva; according to the subject's importance, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential of transmission via the saliva of coronavirus disease. Methods: PubMed, ISI, Embase, Scopus, Medicine have been used until September 2020 to search for articles. Therefore, EndNote X9 used to manage electronic resources. A 95% confidence interval (CI) effect size, fixed effect model, Inverse-variance methods have been calculated. The positive rate of SARS-CoV2 assessed with meta analysis. To deal with potential heterogeneity, random effects were used, and I2 showed heterogeneity. I2 values above 50% signified moderate-to-high heterogeneity. The Meta-analysis has been evaluated with Stata/MP v.16 (the fastest version of Stata) statistical software. Results: According to the study's purpose, in the initial search with keywords, 19 articles were found, the full text of 3 studies was reviewed, and finally, three studies were selected. The positive rate of SARS-CoV2 was 86% (86%; 95% CI 67 %-100%). Conclusion: saliva can be a non-invasive specimen type for diagnosis of COVID-19. Dentists should be aware that saliva plays a major role in the transmission of COVID-19 from human to human, and failure to follow prevention protocols can contaminate them

Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of miniscrews in class i and ii malocclusion patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim: The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of miniscrews in Class I and II Malocclusion Patients. Methods: From electronic databases, between 2010 and 2020, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ISI were used to conduct systematic literature. Two reviewers extracted data blindly and independently from the abstract and full text of the studies they used for data extraction. The mean differences between the two groups (miniscrews vs. conventional anchorage) with a 95 % confidence interval (CI), the Inverse-variance method, and the fixed-effect model were calculated. The Meta-analysis was evaluated using the statistical software Stata/MP v.16 (The fastest version of Stata). Results: A total of 186 potentially relevant titles and abstracts were found during the electronic and manual search. Finally, the inclusion criteria required for this systematic review were met by a total of seven publications. The mean difference of molar mesiodistal movement among seven studies and heterogeneity was -0.53 mm (MD, -0.53 95 % CI -0.69, -0.38. P= 0.00) (I2 = 96.52 %). This result showed maximum reinforcement in miniscrews with fewer mesial movements. Conclusion: The result of the current systematic review and meta-analysis shows that miniscrews in patients with class II and I malocclusion help maintain better anchorage preservation than traditional anchorage devices

Determine the Dentists' Practice in Compliance with General and Guidelines for Handling Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the Dentists' practice in compliance with general and guidelines for handling Coronavirus Disease 2019. Material and Methods: PubMed, Embase, ISI, Scopus, Medicine have been used to search for articles until September 2020. EndNote X9 was used to manage electronic resources as a resource. Joanna Briggs Institute reviewer's manual (JBI) tools was used to assess the quality of studies included in the current systematic and meta-analysis review. The 95% confidence interval (CI) effect size, the random effect model, and the Restricted maximum-likelihood (REML) methods have all been calculated. I2 values of more than 50% indicated moderate-to-high heterogeneity. Stata/MP v.16 (the fastest version of Stata) statistical software was used to evaluate the Meta-analysis. Results: 39 articles were found in the initial keyword search. The full text of 16 studies was reviewed, and six studies were selected in the end. 72% of participants used a face mask during the dental procedure (72%, 95% CI; 40%-100%). 63% of participants measured fever when patients arrived during the COVID-19 pandemic (63%, 95% CI; 46%-79%). Moreover, 72% of participants used a face mask during the dental procedure (72%, 95% CI; 40%-100%). According to JBI tools, all studies had a moderate risk of bias. Conclusion: The results show that the performance of dental professionals in the conditions of the COVID-19 epidemic is not favorable. Training should be under the standards of treatment guidelines and further measures so that dental professionals can show proper practice by increasing their awareness of this virus and following up on its infection.

Clinical Dental Care Epidemiology, Prevalence, Symptoms and Routes of Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 19: A Systematic Review of Literature and Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological evidence, symptoms, and transmission routes of Coronavirus Disease 19 for clinical dental care. Material and Methods: PubMed, Embase, ISI, Scopus, Medicine have been used to search for articles until October 2020. Therefore, EndNote X9 was used to manage electronic resources. A 95% confidence interval (CI) effect size, random effect model, and the REML method were evaluated. Forty-one articles were found. In the first step of selecting studies, 40 studies were selected to review the abstracts. Finally, six studies were selected. Results: The effect size of symptoms of COVID-19 was fever: 92% (ES = 0.92, 95% CI 0.79-1.06), cough: 73% (ES = 0.73, 95% CI 0.59-0.88), headache: 8% (ES = 0.8, 95% CI 0.06-0.22), myalgia 13% (ES = 0.13, 95% CI 0.01-0.27) and nasal congestion 22% (ES = 0.22, 95% CI 0.06-0.39). The following recommendations are appropriate during COVID-19 for dental emergency management: personal protective equipment and hand cleanliness practices, personal protective equipment (PPE), preprocedural mouth rinse, single-use (disposable), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and periapical (PA) radiography, Rubber dam, sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigation, disinfect inanimate surfaces, ultrasonic scaling instruments and airborne infection isolation. Conclusion: Fever should be used as the first sign in the diagnosis; dentists should measure the fever of all patients at the time of arrival and before any procedure and then ask about other symptoms.

Comparing Outcomes of Airway Changes and Risk of Sleep Apnea after Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery and Mandibular Setback Surgery in Patients with Skeletal Class III Malocclusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the airway changes and risks of sleep apnea after the bimaxillary orthognathic surgery and mandibular setback surgery in the growing patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Material and Methods: MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ISI, Google scholar have been utilized as the electronic databases for performing systematic literature between 2010 to August 2020. The quality of the included studies has been assessed using MINORS. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16 software. Results: In electronic searches, a total of 218 potentially relevant abstracts and topics have been found. Finally, 23 papers met the criteria defined for inclusion in this systematic review. The mean difference of upper airway total volume changes between before and after surgery was (MD = 1.86 cm3 95% CI 0.61 cm3-3.11 cm3; p= 0.00) among 14 studies. This result showed that after Mandibular Setback Surgery, there was a statistically significant decrease in the upper airway volume. Conclusion: Class III Patients who undergo bimaxillary surgery show no other significant difference in airways volume after surgery than patients in Class III who undergo mandibular setback alone.

Comparison of post-operative nausea and vomiting with intravenous versus inhalational anesthesia in laparotomic abdominal surgery: a randomized clinical trial / Comparação entre anestesia intravenosa e inalatória na náusea e vômito pós-operatórios em laparotomia: estudo clínico randomizado

Abstract Background: Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) is a multifactorial surgical complication with an unclear underlying cause. Anesthetic methods, patients' characteristics and the type of surgery are considered as factors affecting PONV. This study was designed to compare the effect of inhalational and intravenous anesthesia in abdominal surgery on the incidence and severity of PONV. Methods: A single-blinded prospective randomized clinical trial on 105 patients aged 18 − 65 years was carried out. Patients were divided into two groups of Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) and inhalational anesthesia. The incidence and the severity of PONV were examined at 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after the surgery. The use of a rescue antiemetic was also evaluated. Results: 50.9% of the patients in the inhalation group and 17.3% of the patients in the intravenous group developed PONV (p < 0.001). The incidence of vomiting was reported in 11.3% of the inhalational group and 3.8% of the TIVA group (p = 0.15). 24.5% of patients in the inhalation group and 9.6% of patients in the intravenous group needed an antiemetic medication (p = 0.043). Conclusion: The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and the need for administration of an antiemetic rescue drug and the severity of nausea in patients were significantly lower in the TIVA group.

Resumo Justificativa: Náusea e Vômito no Pós-Operatório (NVPO) é uma complicação multifatorial com etiologia não esclarecida. A técnica anestésica, as características dos pacientes e o tipo de cirurgia são considerados fatores que afetam a NVPO. O presente estudo foi desenhado para comparar o efeito da anestesia inalatória com anestesia intravenosa na incidência e gravidade de NVPO na cirurgia abdominal. Método: Foi realizado estudo clínico mono-cego prospectivo randomizado com 105 pacientes com idades de 18 − 65 anos. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, Anestesia Total Intravenosa (TIVA) e anestesia inalatória. A incidência e gravidade de NVPO foram avaliadas em cinco momentos: 0, 2, 6, 12 e 24 horas pós-cirurgia. O uso de antiemético de resgate também foi avaliado. Resultados: NVPO ocorreu em 50,9% dos pacientes no grupo inalatória e 17,3% dos pacientes no grupo TIVA (p< 0,001). A incidência de vômitos relatados foi 11,3% no grupo Inalatória e 3,8% no grupo TIVA (p = 0,15). Necessitaram de medicação antiemética 24,5% dos pacientes no grupo Inalatória e 9,6% dos pacientes no grupo TIVA (p = 0.043). Conclusão: A incidência de náusea e vômito no pós-operatório, a necessidade de administração de droga antiemética de resgate e a gravidade da náusea foram significantemente mais baixas no grupo TIVA.

The knowledge, attitude, and action of Northern Iranian women about cervical cancer and screening

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world among women which its early diagnosis plays an important role in the prognosis. There are many factors that contribute to the participation in the screening programs, most notably the level of knowledge and attitude of people towards cancer. Understanding the level of these factors in the female population and its association with participation in screening programs is important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of women in the north of Iran to compare these factors between two groups with different baseline knowledge.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among female medical clients and healthcare staff in a healthcare center in the north of Iran. All the eligible patients were interviewed and were asked to fill a questionnaire containing the demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and action about cervical cancer and screening. The data were analyzed by SPSS v24.Results: A total of 283 females entered our study of which 156(55.1%) were clients of the healthcare center and 127(44.9%) were non-physician healthcare staff. Ninety (60.8%) of clients and 39(56.5%) of the staff have performed pap smear at least once (p=0.556). The levels of knowledge and attitude were significantly lower in the clients (p < 0.001 and p=0.003, respectively). There were no significant differences regarding the level of knowledge and attitude between those who performed pap smear and those who did not (0.621 and 0.788, respectively).Conclusions: Increasing awareness, especially improving attitudes in the female population, should be the focus of the health care system to encourage more women to participate in screening programs.